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Palace of Culture ((ロシア語:Дворец культуры, ''dvorets kultury''), , ''wénhuà gōng'') or House of Culture (''dom kultury'') was the name for major club-houses in the Soviet Union and the rest of the Eastern bloc. It was an establishment for all kinds of recreational activities and hobbies: sports, collecting, arts, etc., and the Palace of Culture was designed to have room for all kinds of them. A typical Palace contained one or several cinema halls, concert hall(s), dance studios (folk dance, ballet, ballroom dance), various do-it-yourself hobby groups, amateur radio groups, amateur theatre studios, amateur musical studios and bands, ''lectoriums'' (lecture halls), and many more. Groups were also subdivided by age of participants, from children to retirees. A public library may sometimes have been housed in the Palace of Culture as well. All hobby groups were free of charge until most recent times, when many hobbies with less official recognition were housed based on "self-repayment". A Palace of Culture was sometimes called a "club", but this did not mean that it was membership-based. In government rhetoric, all these were supposed to aid "cultural leisure" of Soviet workers and children and to fight "cultureless leisure", such as drinking and hooliganism. Palaces or Houses of Culture were introduced in the early days of the Soviet Union, inheriting the role that was earlier fulfilled by so-called "People's Houses" ((ロシア語:народные дома)). Below is an excerpt from John Dewey's ''Impressions of Soviet Russia and the revolutionary world'' (1929).
There were two basic categories of Palaces of Culture: of state ownership and of enterprise ownership. Every town, kolkhoz and sovkhoz had a central Palace or House of Culture. Major industrial enterprises had their own Palaces of Culture, managed by the corresponding trade unions. Palaces of Culture served another important purpose: they housed local congresses and conferences of the regional divisions of the Communist Party, the Komsomol, etc. In smaller rural settlements similar establishments of lesser scope were known as "clubs", with main activities there being dance nights and cinema. In 1988 there were over 137,000 club establishments in the Soviet Union. In the People's Republic of China, the best-known, and most centrally located, Palace of Culture is perhaps the "Workers' Palace of Culture" located in the former Imperial Ancestral Temple just outside the Forbidden City in Beijing. == Post-Soviet times == Most Palaces of Culture continue to exist after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but their status, especially the financial one, changed significantly, for various reasons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palace of Culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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